Page-42, Names of Sura Al-Fatiha,

 Names of Sura Al-Fatiha:

حدثنا مسدد حدثنا يحيي عن شعبة قال حدثنى خبيب إبن عبد الرحمن عن حفص إبن عاصم عن أبى سعيد إبن المعلى قال كنت أصلى فى المسجد فدعانى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فلم اجبه فقلت يا رسول الله إنى كنت أصلى فقال ألم يقل الله " إستجيبوا لله وللرسول إذا دعاكم " (ألأنفال ٢٤) ثم قال لى لأعلمنك سورة هى أعظم السور فى القرأن قبل أن تخرج من المسجد ثم أخذ بيدى فلما أراد أن يخرج قلت له ألم تقل- لآعلمنك سورة هى أعظم السور فى القرأن قال (ألحمد لله رب العلمين) هى السبع المثانى والقران العظيم الذى اوتيته

“Musaddad told us, Yahya told us, on the authority of Shu’bah, he said, Khubayb Ibn Abdur-Rahman told me, on the authority of Hafs Ibn Asim, on the authority of Abi Sayeed Ibnul Mu’alla, he said: I was performing Salat in the mosque, Then Allah’s Rasul (Sm.), called me, but I didn’t answer him. I said: O Allah’s Rasul, indeed I was performing Salah. Rasul (Sm.) said: Didn’t Allah say, Answer (The call of) Allah and His Rasul when he calls you (Al-Anfal-24)? Then the prophet (Sm.) said: Indeed, I will teach you a Surah, before leaving the mosque, which is the greatest surah in the Quran.  Then he took my hand. When he (Sm.) intended to leave the mosque. I said to him, have you not told me that you will teach me a Sura, which is the greatest sura in the Quran? Prophet (Sm.) said: ألحمد لله رب العلمين it is السبع المثانى (Seven Ayats repeated) and القران العظيم, (The greatest Qu’ran) which I have been given”. (Sahih Bukhari كتاب التفسير, Hadith no- 4474)

So, according to Hadith of Bukhari-Surah Fatiha has got two names. One is السبع المثانى As-Sabul Masani (Seven repeated Ayats) and القران العظيم, Al-Quranul Azeem( The greatest Qu’ran).

Nazmuddin Umar Ibn Muhammad Ibn Ahmad An-Nasafi Al-Hanafi said :

أساميها سبعة: فهى الفاتحة وأم الكتاب والسبع المثانى وسورة الحمد وأساس القرأن وسورة الشفاء وسورة الصلاة

“This Sura has got seven names. Al-Fatiha, Ummul Kitab , As-Sabul mathani,, Suratul Hamd, Asasul Qur’an, Suratush  Shifa, and Suratus Salah.( Ref.1)

Jalaluddin As-Suyuti said in his book Al-Itqan Fi Ulumil Qura’n:          وقد وقفت لها على نيف وعشرين إسما وذالك يدل على شرفها فأن كثرة الأسماء دالة على شرف المسمى “I have come to know that Sura Fatiha has got more than 20 names. That indicates honour and dignity of this Sura. Because more names indicate the honour of the named person. (Ref.2)

Names of Sura Al–Fatiha with the reasons for naming with that:

1. Al Fatiha وبها يبتداء كتابة المصاحف وبها يفتتح قرأة القران فى الصلاة: (ألفاتحة)   فلأن ألإفتتاح هو الإبتداء

 Because (ألإفتتاح) Al-Iftetah means to begin. The writing of Allah’s Kitab started with this Surah and the recitation of the Quran in Salah started with this Surah.

Dr. Mahmud Sulaiman Yaqut described in his book-

ألفاتحة أول كل شيئ فسميت هذه السورة الكريمة فاتحة الكتاب بكونه أفتتح بها إذ هى أول ما يكتبه الكاتب من المصحف وأول ما يتلوه التالى من

الكتاب العزيز

“Al-Fatihah is the beginning of everything, so this noble surah is named Fatihatul  Kitab because this Kitab is opened with it, as it is the first thing that the writer writes from the Qur’an and the first thing that the reciter recites from the precious Book”. (Ref.3)

2. Ummul -Kitab or Ummul Qura'n(أم ألكتاب أو أم القرأن): فألام هى ألأصل وهذه السورة أم الكتاب وأم القران وهى أصل المذكورات فى سائر السور

“Al-Ummu (ألأم) means origin. This Surah is the origin of the Kitab and the Quran. This Surah is the origin of what is described in all the Surahs”. (Ref.4)

 3. As-Sab’ul Mathani: قال سعيد إبن جبير سألت إبن عباس عن السبع المثانى فقال السبع المثانى هى أم القران وإنما أراد بالسبع سبع أيات ومعنى المثانى أنها تثنى فى كل ركعة 

“Sayeed Ibn Jubair said I asked Ibn Abbas about As-Sabul Mathani,( (السبع المثانى, and he said: As-Sabul Mathani,  (السبع المثانى) is the origin of the Qur’an. As-Sabu means seven Ayats, and Mathani means that is repeated in every Rak’ah.”(Ref.5)

4. Suratul -Hamd(سورة الحمد) :

فلأنها أفتتحت بالحمد وفيها أمر بالحمد وتعليم كيفية الحمد وبيان أن الله تعالى مستحق الحمد وبداية القرأن بالحمد وختم كلام أهل الجنة بالحمد                

Because this Surah is started with Al-Hamd (praise), and there is an order to praise in it, there is a teaching on how to praise and a statement that surely Allah the Almighty deserves praise. And the beginning of the Qur’an with praise, and the conclusion of the words of the inmates of Jannah with praise.

  5. Asasul- Quran: (أساس القران) فقد روى أن رجلا اتى الشعبى فشكا إليه وجع الخاصرة فقال عليك بأساس القرأن قال وما أساس القرأن قال فاتحة الكتاب

It was narrated that a man came to Al-Sha’bi and complained to him about his waist pain, and he said, “You must have the foundation of the Quran.” He said, “What is the foundation of the Qur’an?” He said, “Fatehatul Kitab. (Suratul- Fatiha) ”

References :( المراجع)

1.At-Taysiru Fit Tafsir, Volume-1, page no-76

2.Al-Itqan Fi Ulumil Qur'an, page no-119

3. الكريم   إعراب القرأن, Volume-1, author- Dr. Mahmud Sulaiman Yaqut, page no-19

4. ألتيسير فى التفسير, Volume-1 , Pages-76-87,Author-Nazmuddin Umar Ibn Muhammad Ibn Ahmad An-Nasafi Al-Hanafi.

5. Ahkamul Qur’an, Author- Abu bakr Ahmad Ibn Ali Ar-Razi Al-Jassas, volume-1 Page-7&8,

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